The Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) on Monday released a report detailing potential uses of a purpose-bound digital Singapore dollar (SGD) and the supporting infrastructure required, marking the successful completion of Phase 1 of Project Orchid.
MAS said in a statement that phase 1 of Project Orchid explored the concept of purpose-bound digital SGD (purpose-bound money, or PBM, for short).
PBM enables senders to specify conditions, such as validity period and types of shops, when making transfers in digital SGD.
According to the statement, a digital SGD can take different forms: a retail Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC), which is the digital equivalent of today’s notes and coins issued by MAS; or privately issued money, which could include tokenised bank deposits or securely backed stablecoins.
While MAS has assessed that the case for a retail CBDC in Singapore is not compelling for now, it continues to actively explore good use cases for digital currencies.
It said Project Orchid aims to build the technical capabilities and competencies necessary for MAS to issue a retail CBDC, should the need arise.
MAS, together with government agencies and industry players, have initiated a few trials to test this concept.
At the 2022 Singapore FinTech Festival (SFF 2022), DBS Bank Ltd (DBS) and GovTech’s Open Government Products Division (OGP) will test the use of PBM for disbursements to selected individuals.
Trial participants can use RedeemSG vouchers at participating food and beverage outlets, and merchants will directly receive the underlying digital SGD for the vouchers redeemed.
Meanwhile, Temasek, Fazz Financial Group Pte. Ltd (FAZZ) and Grab Holdings Ltd (Grab) will test the issuance of PBM as commercial digital vouchers to SFF 2022 participants on 2 to 4 November 2022.
Trial participants can utilise these vouchers through their preferred wallet applications to make purchases at participating merchants at the Festival.
OCBC Ltd (OCBC) and the Central Provident Fund Board (CPFB) will also test the use of PBM for funds disbursement from government agencies, without requiring recipients to have a bank account.
The trial will be conducted using a test disbursement scheme in a controlled environment with selected participants.
United Overseas Bank Ltd (UOB) and SkillsFuture Singapore (SSG) will also test the use of PBM to enhance the current SSG Credit disbursement process, enabling SkillsFuture grants to automatically be released to participating training providers when eligibility conditions are met.
The MAS report includes the design considerations for implementing a programmable digital SGD for potential use cases.
Future research areas will focus on improving the user experience, strengthening security and privacy capabilities, and increasing accessibility to the broad population.
Financial institutions participating in Project Orchid include DBS, Fazz, Grab, Network for Electronic Transfers (Singapore) Pte. Ltd (NETS), OCBC and UOB.
The government and commercial use cases for the project were supported by GovTech’s OGP and Temasek respectively.
“The introduction of e-money provided the ability to store value electronically and carry it with us. Digital currencies go beyond that, allowing money to be programed and used for specific purposes only. Through practical experimentation with the industry, we sharpened our understanding of the potential uses of a digital Singapore dollar and the infrastructure required to support it,
“We look forward to collaborating further with industry participants and policymakers in subsequent phases of Project Orchid,” said Sopnendu Mohanty, Chief FinTech Officer, MAS.